Abstract
Water is an important natural resource as it plays a key role for living, agricultural production, and economic development. Central Asia features strongly heterogeneous landscapes in terms of orographic, climatic, and hydrologic conditions, which leads to a spatially non-uniform forming of water resources over the region. The availability and direct access to freshwater often result in disputes between the different countries. Therefore, a reliable trans-boundary water resource management is needed. Within the CAWa project, a network of automatic monitoring stations has been installed especially in remote areas and at higher altitudes providing continuously meteorological and hydrological parameters. In addition to the ground-based monitoring network, water levels and volume changes of selected lakes and reservoirs are provided by satellite-based radar altimetry. All data is stored in an open-access data base to support data sharing between the involved transnational agencies and thus, to allow sustainable decision-making about water management and to contribute to international scientific cooperation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdullayev I, Rakhmatullaev S (2014) Data management for integrated water resources management in Central Asia. J Hydroinf 16(6):1425–1440
Andersohn J, Bindrich M, Lang O, Schöne T (2017) Mosul Dam deformation monitoring with TerraSAR-X—an effective complement to terrestrial surveying—Presentations. In: ESA Workshop FRINGE (Helsinki 2017). http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:2650907, accessed 03 Feb 2019
De Martino et al (2005) Environment and security: transforming risks into cooperation—Central Asia—Ferghana/Osh/Khujand area. https://gridarendal-website-live.s3.amazonaws.com/production/documents/:s_document/250/original/ferghana-report-eng_%281%29.pdf, accessed 03 Feb 2019
Eschment B (2011) Wasserverteilung in Zentralasien. Ein unlösbares Problem? Studie der Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/08201.pdf, accessed 03 Feb 2019
Gafurov A, Luedtke S, Unger-Shayesteh K, Vorogushyn S, Schöne T, Kalashnikova O, Merz B (2016 July) MODSNOW-Tool—an operational tool for daily snow cover monitoring using MODIS data, EES Special Issue “Water in Central Asia”. Environ Earth Sci 75:1078. doi:10/1007/s12665-016-5869-x
Giese E, Sehring J, Trouchine A. (2004) Zwischenstaatliche Wassernutzungskonflikte in Zentralasien, www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/zentren/zeu/forschung/publikationen/publi2/disc18/at_download/file, accessed 03 Feb 2019
Gouweleeuw B, Kvas A, Gruber C, Gain AK, Mayer-Gürr T, Flechtner F, Güntner A (2018) Daily GRACE gravity field solutions track major flood events in the Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 22:2867—2880. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2867-2018
HELMHOLTZ Society (2015) Helmholtz-Roadmap für Forschungsinfrastrukturen. https://www.helmholtz.de/fileadmin/user_upload/publikationen/Helmholtz_Roadmap_2015_web_korr_150921.pdf, accessed 03 Feb 2019
Hoelzle M, Azisov E, Barandun M, Huss M, Farinotti D, Gafurov A, Hagg W, Kenzhebaev R, Kronenberg M, Machguth H, Merkushkin A, Moldobekov B, Petrov M, Saks T, Salzmann N, Schöne T, Tarasov Y, Usubaliev R, Vorogushyn S, Yakovlev A, Zemp M (2017) Re-establishing glacier monitoring in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, Central Asia. Geosci Instrum Method Data Syst 6:397–418. https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-397-2017
Huss M, Sold L, Hoelzle M, Stokvis M, Salzmann N, Farinotti D, Zemp M (2013) Towards remote monitoring of sub-seasonal glacier mass balance. Ann Glaciol 54(63):75–83. https://doi.org/10.3189/2013AoG63A427
Koblinsky CJ, Clarke RT, Brenner AC, Frey H (1993) Measurements of river level variations with satellite altimetry. Water Resour Res 29(6):1839–1848
Metzger S, Schurr B, Ratschbacher L, Sudhaus H, Kufner S-K, Schöne T, Zhang Y, Perry M, Bendick R (2017) The 2015 Mw7.2 Sarez strike-slip earthquake in the Pamir interior: response to the underthrusting of India’s western promontory. Tectonics 36. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017tc004581
Neelmeijer J, Schöne T, Dill R, Klemann V, Motagh M (2018) Ground deformations around the Toktogul Reservoir, Kyrgyzstan, from Envisat ASAR and Sentinel-1 Data—a case study about the impact of atmospheric corrections on InSAR Time Series. Remote Sens 10:3. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030462
Schöne T, Zech C, Unger-Shayesteh K, Rudenko V, Thoss H, Wetzel H-U, Gafurov A, Illigner J, Zubovich A (2013) A new permanent multi-parameter monitoring network in Central Asian high mountains—from measurements to data bases. Geosci Instrum Method Data Syst 2:97–111. https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-97-2013
Schöne T, Dusik E, Illigner J, Klein I (2018a) Water in Central Asia: Reservoir monitoring with radar altimetry along the Naryn and Syr Darya Rivers. In: International symposium on earth and environmental sciences for future generations, (International Association of Geodesy Symposia; 147), Online 2016, pp. 349–357. Springer, Cham. http://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2017_265, accessed 03 Feb 2019
Schöne T, Zubovich A, Zech C, Illigner J, Sharshebaev A, Mandychev D, Shakirov A, Moldobekov B, Lauterjung J (2018b) Water monitoring in Central Asia—the Central Asian water project (CAWA) = Цeнтpaльнo-Aзиaтcкий вoдный мoнитopинг – пpoeкт Boдa в Цeнтpaльнoй Aзии (ЦABa). In: Sychev VG, Mueller L (eds) Novel methods and results of landscape research in Europe, Central Asia and Siberia, vol I Landscapes in the 21th century: status analyses, basic processes and research concepts, pp. 90–94. Russian Academy of Science, Moscow. https://doi.org/10.25680/2697.2018.71.90.013
Sehring J (2007) Irrigation reform in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Irrig Drain Syst 21(3–4):277–290. Available at: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10795-007-9036-0, accessed 03 Feb 2019
Sehring J, Diebold A (2012) From the Glaciers to the Aral Sea: Water Unites. Trescher Verlag, Berlin. ISBN 978-3897948006
Unger-Shayesteh K, Conrad C, Schöne T, Moldobekov B (2015) Reasonable decision-making on land and water management in Central Asia: how earth observation technologies can contribute (analytical notes from the “German Water Initiative for Central Asia”; 1), GFZ German Center for Geosciences, Potsdam, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.2312/5.4.2015.001r (in Russian)
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2011) Second assessment of transboundary rivers, lakes and groundwaters. UNECE, Geneva, http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/water/publications/assessment/English/ECE_Second_Assessment_En.pdf, accessed 03 Feb 2019
World Bank (2009) Improving weather, climate and hydrological services delivery in Central Asia (Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan). Report prepared in the frame of the technical assistance project “An action plan for improving weather and climate service delivery in high-risk, low-income countries in Central Asia”, World Bank Russia Country Office, Moscow. https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/GFDRR_ECA_Hydromet_Study.pdf, accessed 03 Feb 2019
World Bank (2018) Central Asia—hydrometeorology modernization Project: additional financing (English). World Bank Group, Washington, D.C. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/904441533353436310/Central-Asia-Hydrometeorology-Modernization-Project-additional-financing, accessed 03 Feb 2019
WWAP (2012) World water assessment programme. The United Nations World Water Development Report 4: Managing water under uncertainty and risk. UNESCO, Paris. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002156/215644e.pdf, accessed 03 Feb 2019
Zech C, Schöne T, Neelmeijer J, Zubovich A (2018) Continuous kinematic GPS monitoring of a Glacier lake outburst flood. In: International symposium on earth and environmental sciences for future generations, (International Association of Geodesy Symposia; 147), Online 2016, pp. 339–347. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2016_246
Acknowledgements
The activities presented have been generously funded in the frame of the CAWa project (www.cawa-project.net) by the German Federal Foreign Office as part of the “German Water Initiative for Central Asia” (the so-called “Berlin Process,” grant AA7090002). Additional funding for the installation and long-term operation of the monitoring network was and is being provided by the GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences in the frame of the Global Change Observatory Central Asia (GCO-CA) and the Helmholtz Association in the frame of the Helmholtz Roadmap program ACROSS.
We appreciate the support and fruitful cooperation with our colleagues from the national hydrometeorological Services of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan without whom, the site selections and station installations would not have been possible. In addition, we would like to thank the researchers of the University of Fribourg for the cooperation in installing optical camera systems for glacier monitoring at Abramov and Golubin glaciers. We extend our thanks to our colleagues at the Ulugh Beg Observatory (Uzbekistan) for the installation and maintenance of the Maidanak station. The installation of the CAWa station in Kabul (Afghanistan) would not have been possible without the excellent work of our colleagues at Kabul Polytechnic University. Also the support of the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee (NAC, http://www.afghanistan.no/) in Kabul is highly appreciated.
This chapter is the extended version of Schöne et al. (2018b).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schöne, T. et al. (2019). In Situ and Remote Water Monitoring in Central Asia—The Central Asian Water (CAWa) Network. In: Mueller, L., Eulenstein, F. (eds) Current Trends in Landscape Research. Innovations in Landscape Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30069-2_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30069-2_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-30068-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-30069-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)